In the last three decades, an interdisciplinary research program - called “the 4E approaches” - highlighted the necessity of rethinking the theoretical assumptions and experimental practices of mainstream cognitive science. However, the claim of the disruptive potential of 4E research grows old without seeing the announced and wanted effects on how cognitive phenomena are studied. This introduction to the edited volume “Situated Cognition Research: Methodological Foundations” focuses on the method(olog)ical issues of the 4Es, the loosely connected but promising methodical options available in the debate, and the foundational questions that need to be answered if we aim to develop a 4E methodology.