Aufsatz in einer Fachzeitschrift
Leaching and Transformation of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diesters in Unsaturated Soil Column Studies
Details zur Publikation
Autor(inn)en: | Weidemann, E.; Lämmer, R.; Stahl, T.; Göckener, B.; Bücking, M.; Breuer, J.; Kowalczyk, J.; Just, H.; Boeddinghaus, R.; Gaßmann, M. |
Publikationsjahr: | 2022 |
Zeitschrift: | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
Seitenbereich: | 2065-2077 |
Jahrgang/Band : | 41 |
Heftnummer: | 9 |
ISSN: | 0730-7268 |
eISSN: | 1552-8618 |
DOI-Link der Erstveröffentlichung: |
Zusammenfassung, Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally ubiquitous, anthropogenic substances with adverse effects on organisms, which shows the need to study their environmental fate and leaching behaviour. In this soil columns study, the leaching behaviour and fate of non-transformable and transformable (precursors) were investigated. Ten non-transformable PFAS in two different soils, two precursors, two field soils, which were already contaminated with a mixture of PFAS, and two uncontaminated controls, were set up for a time span of two years. At the end of the study, the molecular balance could not be closed but showed missing amounts (MIA) for non-transformable PFAS. This effect was positively correlated to the fluorinated carbon chain length. The precursors, which were both polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAP), had different transformation products and transformation rates, with a higher rate for 6:2 diPAP than 8:2 diPAP. After two years, amounts of diPAP were still found in the soil with no significant vertical movement, showing high adsorption to soils. Transformation products were estimated to be simultaneously formed. They were predominantly found in the percolation water, the amounts left in soil were negligible. Up to half of the initial precursor amounts could not be balanced and were considered as MIA. Results of contaminated field soil experiments showed the challenge to estimate PFAS leaching without knowing all occurring precursors and complex transformation dynamics. For this purpose, it was shown, that a broad examination of contaminated soil with different analytical methods can help with qualitative estimations of leaching risks. For a better quantitative estimation, analytical determination of more PFAS and a quantification of the MIA are needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2022 SETAC.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally ubiquitous, anthropogenic substances with adverse effects on organisms, which shows the need to study their environmental fate and leaching behaviour. In this soil columns study, the leaching behaviour and fate of non-transformable and transformable (precursors) were investigated. Ten non-transformable PFAS in two different soils, two precursors, two field soils, which were already contaminated with a mixture of PFAS, and two uncontaminated controls, were set up for a time span of two years. At the end of the study, the molecular balance could not be closed but showed missing amounts (MIA) for non-transformable PFAS. This effect was positively correlated to the fluorinated carbon chain length. The precursors, which were both polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAP), had different transformation products and transformation rates, with a higher rate for 6:2 diPAP than 8:2 diPAP. After two years, amounts of diPAP were still found in the soil with no significant vertical movement, showing high adsorption to soils. Transformation products were estimated to be simultaneously formed. They were predominantly found in the percolation water, the amounts left in soil were negligible. Up to half of the initial precursor amounts could not be balanced and were considered as MIA. Results of contaminated field soil experiments showed the challenge to estimate PFAS leaching without knowing all occurring precursors and complex transformation dynamics. For this purpose, it was shown, that a broad examination of contaminated soil with different analytical methods can help with qualitative estimations of leaching risks. For a better quantitative estimation, analytical determination of more PFAS and a quantification of the MIA are needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2022 SETAC.
